- Family :
- Pinaceae
- Origin :
- Native
- Hardiness :
- 4a
- Exposition :
- Shade or partial shade
- Height at maturity :
- 20 m
- Spread at maturity :
- 12 m
- Spacing requirement from power lines and infrastructure :
- 7 m
- Crown shape :
- Pyramidal shape, large
- Growth rate :
- Average
- Soil and moisture :
- Well-drained, cool, acidic, good moisture
- Roots :
- Superficial root system
- Tolerance to road salts :
- Low
- Tolerance to pollution :
- Low
- Tolerance to compaction :
- Low
- Tolerance to salt spray :
- Low
- Common problems (disease, fungus, insects) :
- Few pathological problems ; Few entomological problems
- Special comments :
- Fears windy places. Does not like heavy soils. One of the best conifers in the shade
